©Arlene R. Taylor PhD 

Addictive behaviors involve a natural brain phenomenon (a habit) that has run away with itself or been taken hostage. In consequence the individual’s easy conscious control over the habit has been reduced. In general, addictive behaviors are utilized as coping mechanisms, and coping is not thriving. Although most, if not all, human beings may be at some risk for addictive behaviors, those who are exhausted from excessive or prolonged adapting may be at higher risk.

The underlying reason for addictive behaviors is to alter your neurochemistry, your brain’s chemical stew, through self-medication so you feel better quickly. This typically results in negative outcomes down the line, however, rather than in positive outcomes. Self-medication may be accomplished directly or indirectly, consciously or subconsciously (refer to Stew Metaphor below).

The following observations regarding addictive behaviors reflect input during conversations with addiction specialists and others regarding risks for addictive behaviors correlated with the four cerebral divisions.

Comments related to risk for addictive behaviors based on other contributors:

Falsifying Type and Alcohol Misuse

Some have hypothesized that alcoholics may be innately more right-brained (e.g., have a brain lead in the right Frontal Lobe or the Right Posterior Lobes). As a consequence of Falsifying Type for a significant portion of their lives they over-utilize alcohol as a coping mechanism for the way in which their lives are not working for their brains. (Refer to Adapting for additional information on Falsifying Type). Studies by Benziger have estimated upwards of 80% of Americans are pushed toward left-hemisphere function in adulthood, regardless of the person’s innate giftedness.

Extroverts

PET scan studies by Dr. Debra Johnson have shown that Extroverts have lower rates of blood flow to brain (lower internal stimulation). Because of this, Extroverts crave stimulation to help their brains stay awake. In addition, their dominant brain pathway is activated by dopamine (the brain chemical involved with addictive behaviors and with achieving a sense of pleasure). Consequently, Extroverts may be a higher risk for developing addictive behaviors that trigger the release of high amounts of dopamine. This may be especially true if they are trying to function in an introverted environment, or when close family members and co-workers are much more introverted.

Introverts

PET scan studies by Dr. Debra Johnson have shown that Introverts have higher rates of blood flow to brain (higher internal stimulation). Because of this, Introverts can become overloaded and overwhelmed quickly by too much stimulation. If not managed effectively, this overwhelm can lead to illness. Their brain’s dominant pathway is activated by acetylcholine (alertness, attention). Introverts are at higher risk for sensing they are misfits in a society that rewards higher levels of Extraversion. Thus, Introverts may be at risk for developing addictive behaviors that help them to keep up with expectations of self, society, or others (especially when they are trying to function in an extroverted environment, or when family members and co-workers are much more extroverted) and that mask their sense of being a misfit.

Kinesthetics

Individuals who have a Kinesthetic sensory preference may be at higher risk for addictions related to food (as they are particular sensitive to taste and odors and may be gourmets or gourmands) and beverages. Society currently places a huge “visual” emphasis on how things look (and what comes in through the eyes does not register as quickly and intensely in the Kinesthetics). They prefer a hands-on approach and that option is not readily available in many environments.

Males Who Are Not Prioritizers

Typically in Western cultures at lesat, males are rewarded by society and culture for possessing a bent in the Prioritizing Division and for exhibiting skills that derive from that cerebral division. Males who have a bent in one of the other three divisions often try very hard to develop skills in the Prioritizing Division. In the process they may become exhausted and turn to an addictive behavior in order to try to sustain the excessive energy expenditures.

Females Who Are Not Harmonizers

Typically in Western cultures at least, females are rewarded by society and culture for possessing a bent in the Harmonizing division and for exhibiting skills that derive from that cerebral division. Females who have a bent in one of the other three divisions often try very hard to develop skills in the Harmonizing Division. In the process they may become exhausted and turn to an addictive behavior in order to try to sustain the excessive energy expenditures and dampen a sense of being a misfit.

Individuals Who Prefer Same-gender Partners

Individuals are primarily rewarded in many cultures, societies, and religions for preferring partners of the opposite gender. These individuals may become involved with addictive behaviors in order self-medicate, to help themselves feel better about the disconnect between who they are innately and societal expectations and rewards (refer to Stew Metaphor that follows).

Individuals whose brain function preferences differ from society expectations may turn to an addictive behavior for self-medication in an attempt to help themselves feel better about the disconnect between who they are innately and societal expectations and rewards.

Stew Metaphor

Think of your brain as a pot of chemical stew and you are the chef who adds seasonings. The seasonings result from what you ingest, think, and do. All humans continually self-medicate to alter their brain’s chemical stew in order to:

• Obtain a “reward” (e.g., proactively create pleasure)
• Get relief from pain (e.g., physical, emotional, spiritual, sexual, intellectual, social, financial)
• To manage boredom (a sense of being bored is typically a choice)
• Experience a general sense of well-being by achieving a preferred “seasoning”
• Fit in with a chosen group of associates

You can season your brain’s chemical stew directly or indirectly. Following are examples:

Healthy Self-Medication

The goal is to learn to self-medicate in ways that result in positive outcomes to your life and to the lives of those close to you. To do this you will need to implement two key strategies:

Alter the way you season your brain’s chemical stew by developing healthier and more functional behaviors

Remember: the most common cure for one addictive behavior is to substitute another addictive behavior that will result in the same type of seasoning to your brain’s chemical stew.

Teach yourself to like the new seasoning

Remember: failing to learn how to manage cravings (your brain demanding that you give it the old seasoning) is a common cause of relapse.

In order to resolve addictive behaviors successfully, it is important to identify reasons that prompted you to attempt to alter your neurochemistry using the specific addictive behavior.

In addition, old routines can trigger cravings for the old behavior. Identify and alter as many old routines as possible to minimize cravings (e. g., different vehicle, cup, schedules, chairs, environments...).

In order to achieve long-term recovery, it is important to develop and live a high-level-wellness lifestyle in balance (e.g., eat nutritional food, drink plenty of water, exercise, get sufficient sleep, work, play, have fun...). For every of exhaustion, the brain tends to experience a corresponding period of depression that challenges it at its points of vulnerability.

12-Step Programs (e.g., Alcoholics Anonymous)

There have been reports that prior to Bill Wilson founding AA, he spent time in Switzerland with C. G. Jung who reportedly told Bill that alcoholism was “false spirits” and that the individual would need to reembrace his/her spirituality. (M. Scott Peck also reportedly had a similar view.) Arguably Alcoholics Anonymous has been the most successful model for helping individuals to deal with alcohol addictions.

Some have hypothesized on alcoholism and concluded that most early-in-life alcoholics are individuals who are Ambiverted or Introverted and who have an innate brain bent in the Harmonizing Division. They have, however, been pressured by their environment to give up their spiritual identity and connection in favor of more Extroverted and more left-brained activities. Since spirituality is thought to be a right-hemisphere experience this loss is more painful to these persons that it would be for far more Extroverted brains or brains with a bent in a left-hemisphere division. Thus, many of these individuals are thought to use “spirits” in an attempt to cope with the loss of this authentic sense of spirituality. And if the individual has a genetic predisposition or epigenetic cellular memory for coping through the use of “spirits,” this will likely contribute as well.